Investigation of Thermal Performance of Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid Flow in a Permeable Inclined Cylinder/Plate

This article comprehensively investigates the thermal performance of a ternary hybrid nanofluid flowing in permeable inclined cylinder/plate system. The study focuses on effects key constraints such as geometry, medium, and heat source/sink distribution features nanofluid. present work is motivated by growing demand for energy-efficient cooling systems various industrial energy-related applications. A mathematical model developed to describe system’s fluid flow heat-transfer processes. PDEs (partial differential equations) are transformed into ODEs (ordinary with aid suitable similarity solved numerically using combination RKF45 method shooting technique. study’s findings give useful insights behavior nanofluids systems. Further, important engineering coefficients skin friction Nusselt numbers discussed. results show that porous constraint will improve but declines velocity. heat-source sink temperature profile. Plate geometry shows dominant over cylinder presence solid volume fraction. rate increase from 2.08% 2.32%, whereas plate it about 5.19% 10.83% medium rises 0.1 0.5.